Lecturer : Leon Abdillah
Knowledge
Knowledge is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as (i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
Knowledge sharing
To share knowledge means to learn, understand, extend and repeat the information, the ideas, the views and the resources with each other, connected with, on a specific ground.
If we both exchange 1 Rupee coin, we both have 1 rupee each.
But if we exchange 1 Good Thought, we both have 2 Good Thoughts....
If you share a rupee with me, you will loose something, I will gain something and the Rupee will be divided.
147STRATEGIC ROLES OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIES EDUCATIONAL – RASHMI ANANTRAY PAREKH
But if you share knowledge with me, we both will gain something and the knowledge of both of us will be increased.
This is knowledge sharing.
“Knowledge sharing... [is] the transfer and communication of knowledge...[it] is connecting people with the knowledge they need – rather than collecting and compiling documents.” (ILO)
Knowledge sharing is an activity through which knowledge (i.e. information, skills, or expertise) is exchanged among people, friends, or members of a family, a community, an organisation or collaborative parties.
Collaboration for Knowledge Sharing between Universities and Industrial Organisations
For policy makers, it is very much essential to invent new ways to establish a proper knowledge sharing system. Collaboration between universities and industrial organisations can play an important role in the field of knowledge sharing.
As we know, the research work is a continuous process, on various levels, at many places, simultaneously. In any subject or any field, day by day knowledge is adding new dimensions from the corners of the world.
Every year, a number of students take admission in universities. Some of them comes in front line & starts research work in their particular subject. Mostly, the research work done at this level, lies in the thesis in university libraries. Most important is to expose these works.
The concept of collaboration for research work is not new. Many countries like U.K., Germany, the US, France and Japan, Canada, Brazil, South Africa are involved in this kind of collaborations on international levels also. However, for India, we have not done much more in this field.
It is very much essential to apply knowledge on practical ground. For that, collaboration of universities and industrial firms is a must. Globalization demands that our society needs to move faster, work smarter and take more risks than at any time in our history. For both firms and universities it is learning and not knowledge that is the primary source of value, because the ability to change knowledge – to learn – is a source of power (Jacques in Prichard et al. 2000-2008). One has no option but to partake in this wrenching process.
Every university has its research students and subject experts and every industrial firm has its experts, employees who practically work on projects having working experience of number of years. By collaboration, they all can share the knowledge and can lead the work in particular direction, can add new
dimensions in knowledge and can establish new standards.
Knowledge becomes meaningful when it is utilised on practical ground. Any new invention for example, to make fuel from water. The researcher invents it and the industrial firm puts it in practice.
(Schwartz, 2004) indicates that if firms and universities are observant and are able to leverage research and development (R&D) and convert more meaningful arbitrary occurrences into opportunities, they may change an economy and the world. Firms and universities need to apply thinking strategies to their surroundings, to increase collaborations and knowledge sharing while ensuring that sufficient mutual benefits can be derived.
The manner in which knowledge flows between universities and industry is a complex and diverse process. It is fair to say that the relationship between university and industry (Kenny 1986-73) seems to be blossoming in many forms all over the world. However, a wide gap seems to exist in the expectations and perceptions of both industry partners and universities, probably as a result of a poor understanding of the knowledge transfer mechanisms in their R&D collaborations. Therefore the main research question centers on gaining an understanding of the needs of knowledge transfer between industry firms and universities which can provide some reasons why industry partners approach universities for R&D engagements and what issues industry considers to be of importance in these collaborations. Having this knowledge could better equip and enable universities and industry to make pro-active and appropriate decisions in their future collaborations.
As shown in ‘Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration’ December 2003 two broad trends are reshaping the way that companies are undertaking research around the world.
The first is that they are moving away from a system in which most of their R&D was done in their own laboratories, preferably in secret, to one in which they are actively seeking to collaborate with others in a new form of open innovation.
The second is that business R&D is going global. Multinationals are locating their research centers in their most important markets, especially if those markets happen to contain centers of outstanding research. Their home country is no longer the automatic first choice for their R&D investment.
These trends have big implications for universities, which are potentially very attractive partners for business. Good academic researchers operate in international networks: they know what cutting-edge work is going on in their field around the world. Unlike corporate or government owned research facilities, university laboratories are constantly being refreshed by the arrival of clever new brains.
It is realized that the quality of the research work has risen in recent years. There has also been a marked change of culture in the past decade, with many universities casting off their ivory tower image and playing a much more active role in the regional and national economy. The main challenge is not about how to increase the supply of commercial ideas from the universities. Instead, the question is about how to raise the overall level of demand from industries for research from universities.
Collaboration with university and other public research organizations seems to have become increasingly important for firms, as the technological interdisciplinary and Complexity and the competitive pressures to shorten product life increased (Hagedoorn, 1996)(Caloghirou (et al) 2003). By collaborating with universities, firms may reduce uncertainty inherent from the innovation process, as well as expand their markets, access to new or complementary resources and skills, keep up with evolution of scientific knowledge, and create new technological learning options on future technologies (Hagedoorn et al.2001). In particular, in the new industrialized countries (NIC), as their economy and their technological capabilities improve, national public research and educational organisations (PREOs) are expected to play an increasing important role in supporting indigenous firms to move into more dynamic and higher-opportunity industries (Mathews and Hu, 2007) (Mazzoleni and Nelson, 2007). Firms (especially small firms) active in high-technology sectors were found to achieve higher Productivity through university-industry collaboration (Motohashi, 2005). Consequently, following the innovation policies of developed countries governments in the new industrialized countries are focused in fostering science-industry interactions and the development of high-technology sectors (Wong et al, 2007) (Gouvea and Kassicieh, 2007).
It is very much essential to understand needs for collaboration and decide collaboration policy to better understand and increase the collaborations.
Role of University Library in Collaboration
The role of university library is much more important in this type of collaboration. The university librarian will be overall in charge of the project. He will act as the link between the university departments and the industrial firms. He will work as the knowledge manager during the process.
First of all, it should be compulsory to deposite one copy of all the research works, papers, thesis, reports etc. in university library.
The librarian will be responsible for maintaining the research works in proper classified way with the help
of latest information and technological instruments.
When any requirement comes from the collaborative party (the enterprise), the available material will be accessed in library and the party will be informed. and for further works, it will inform departments, faculties and research students also. The research work will start a journey. At this stage also the researcher will again come to library to get materials for his work.
After complition of work, a copy of a work will be given to the librarian . He will contact the party and give the materials as per their requirements. The party will apply the knowledge and if, any problem derives, feedback will be given to the researcher through the knowledge manager. Again the research work will start a journey for next destination. All the work will be a continuous process. The wheel of research work will go on and on. The knowledge will be generated and shared between the parties through the university library. The whole work will be a knowledge life cycle centering university library as an axis. This is a design how university libraries can better contribute in collaborations with industries.
Group Member :
1. Randhy Pratama - 10141217
2. Rano Karno - 10141020
3. M. Muslim - 11141275
4. Endang Kurnia - 10141025
5. M. Roland Zen - 10141129
6. Elsa Oktarina - 10141019
1. Randhy Pratama - 10141217
2. Rano Karno - 10141020
3. M. Muslim - 11141275
4. Endang Kurnia - 10141025
5. M. Roland Zen - 10141129
6. Elsa Oktarina - 10141019
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